Transmission of electrical impulses over circuits of high electrostatic capacity.



G. MUSSO.

TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES OVER CIRCUITS OF HIGH ELECTROSTATICCAPACITY.

I APPLICATION FILED MAR. I4, I914.

1,1 6,59. Patented Feb. 20, 1917.

wi/tmwoeoz I III T 5. 1 GHQ muz- I ,1

GIUSEPPE MUSSO, OFITADO, ITALY.

TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES OVER CIRCUITS OF HIGH ELECTROSTATICCAPACITSE.

increase. I

To all whom it may concern:

- Be it known that I, Gi sEPPE MUsso, a subject of the King of Italy,and resident of Vado, Province of Genoa, Italy, have invented ceitain'new and useful Improvements in Transmission of Electrical 1m HighElectrostatic.

pulses Over Circuits of Capacity, fication.

This invention relates to the transmission of electrical impulses overcircuits of high electrostatic capacity and, more particularly, to amethod of improving, both in of which the following is a speci qualityand efficiency, the transmission of telephonic messages over longdistance circuits, constituted of either cables or open Wires.

Up to the present time the efforts of inventors, as far as I am aware,have been di rected to the improvement of the conditions in the linewire by reducing, so far as possible Within the limits permitted bypracticability, the ohmic resistance of the line and neutralizing theelectrostatic capacity of the same by means of inductance loads appliedto the line. exclusion of two physical circuits for the same distancehas also been used but none of these methods, so far as I am aware, haveproduced satisfactory results.

By my system Iam able to'reduce the effect of the impedanceof the lineto such ancxtent as to allow commercial communication by telephone topractically any distance, over either an aerial line wire or cable. Ineutralize the effect of the electrostatic capacity of the line bybuilding up phonoelectric waves :or currents in a home circuitcontaining inductance arranged so as to make such wave or current proof,so: to speak, against the distorting effect-of the oppositecharacteristic or electrostatic capacity of the line. Moreover, Iobviate the so called retardation by maintaining an electric charge onthe line so that my waves or currents are superimposed 'on said charge,

or, it may be, they cause corresponding vibrations to take place in saidelectric charge by jolting it, so to speak, and making such vibrationsoperative at the distant end of the line.

lln my system the primary impulse or A phantom circuit to the of themain line.

affected by Specification of Letters Patent. 4 Patented Feb. 21), 1917..Application filed Mar-ch 14, 1914. Serial No. 824,680.

wave or current from the battery is of little or no value as a directoperating impulse on long lines and cables. Instead, my workin waves orcurrents are of a secondary an tertiary nature caused the field of theinductance coil, which tertiarywave is a most important factor in theefliciency of my system.

In carrying out my invention, upon the mam line an impulse ofpredetermined characteristics, suitable toovercome the impedance of theline, this impulse being the result of the fluctuation or discharge ofthe electromagnetic field produced by a suitably constructed solenoidinserted in a local circuit, such, circuit containing a battery orothersuitable source of electromotive force. By this arrangement,knowing the characteristics of the main line, and, consequently, theretardation that an impulse would be subjected to, if sent directly froma battery, and the lag of the voltage behind the current, theself-inductance of I impress the local circuit can be adjusted toestablish, in said circuit, conditions directly opposite" to thoseexisting in the main line, 11. 6., to cause the current to lag behindthe voltage to an equal degree as the voltage would otherwise lag or beretarded by Thus, the impulse will by the collapse of the capacity startbearing the prevailing characteristics of the local circuit, but it willbe gradually the opposite characteristics of the main line circuit,until, .upon reaching the receiving end of the main line, the componentsof each impulse, i. e., the voltage and amperage will appear to be inphase, or nearly so, while no trace of the usual retardation inoperating the line will be ex- 'perienced. By this process I do,virtually, reduce by neutralization the impedance of -the line to itsohmic resistance only.

The. novel features of my invention will appear more fully in connectionwith the description which follows of the embodiment of. the sameillustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which like parts in thedifferent .views have been given the same reference numerals.

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of one arrangement or embodimentof the invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a -modification of thearrangement shown in Fig. 1. v

. Referrlng to Fig. 1, the arrangement at A and Brepresentdiagrammatically two telephone stations equipped with mysystem, said stations being connected through the lines- 1 and 2. Itwill be understood that the metallic circuit represented in the diagrameither line 1 or 2 could-be substituted by ground connections. Atstation A 29 is a telephone transmitter; a battery or suitable source ofelectro-motive force; 21 is the primary of an induction coil and. 22' isthe secondary of the same; 23a tele- 'phone receiver; 24 a solenoid orinduc tance coil and 25 a sliding contact rendering the inductance coil24 adjustable.

The transmitter 29'is connected at 31 and 26 to the main line 12. Thebattery 20, the primary 21 of the induction coil and the inductance coil24 are connected in series and connected tothe main line 12 at 31 and26.

It will be understood that the "telephone transmitter 29-couldbesubstituted by any other device capable of varying the resistance ofthe circuit 26, 28,- 30', 31, or opening and closing the same, orcausingin any way fluctuations in the charge or in the magnetic field ofthelsolenoid or inductance coil 24, which is made preferably ofrelatively large wire and without an iron core.

from 'the batteries 20 and 6 at the stations A and B. If batteries 20and 6 have their like poles connected at 3'1 and 5 respectively, thel1ne 12 will constitute a neutral circuit so far as a continuous currentis concerned, that is, the charge will be of a static nature, the chargeon the line 1 being-of a polarity opposite to that of the charge on line2. Of course, in practice a perfect balance could not be maintained, nor'issuch a balance necessary.

By my arrangement I have therefore satisfied or neutralized, to anextent at least, the requirements of the electrostatic capacity of theline, so that the impulses, eurrents or waves to be transmitted will notthemselves be absorbed, either partially'or.

entirely, by reason/ of satisfying first the exigencyof theelectrostatic capacity of the line, which wouldotherwise-cause theimpulses to sufl'er retardation and. distortion.

The impulses will therefore go through the This, however, is not-thepoint that marks the limit of my invention. In fact, in an ordinarycircuit opposing a certain ohmic resistance, the volume of the impulsescan be increased by increasing the current generating them. This,however, is not and cannot be a case of simple application of thefeatures of my invention, as the source of electromotive force (thebattery, for example) here is to be considered only as a primary means.for generating electrical impulses or waves. My working impulses orwaves'are of an electromagnetic nature and are set up by a solenoid orinductance coil. This solenoid or inductance coil forming part of anelectromagnetic circuit, must be designed so as to possess a limit ofsaturation suitable for the formation of impulses of the desired volumefor a given ohmic resistance of the main line circuit. Now, when thelimit of saturation of a solenoid is reached, a larger supply of currentwould not be profitable, in fact might be detrimental.

My invention, therefore, is not limited to the means oineutralizing theeffect of electrostatic capacity in a given line, but includes also thatof overcoming the ohmic resistance of said line by causing the samesolenoid to set up impulses of proper intensity in relation,specifically, to the ohmic resistance of that line.

The operation'of the system is as follows As long as the transmitter 29(Fig. 1, station A) is not operated the current from battery 20 willpass through the circuit 31, 30, 29, 28, 26, 25, 24 and 21, therebycausing a magnetic field of the desired intensity to be ,built up aboutthe solenoid or inductance coil 24. This field now represents apotential energy which will be translated into kinetic energy at theproper instant, as will be explained later on.

Now let us assume that the diaphragm of transmitter 29 is operated sothat during one half of a vibration of the same the resistance of thetransmitter is increased; then it will appear that the-magnetic fieldsurrounding the inductance coil 24 will partially collapse, instantlypassing on the line in the form of a current or wave, by the wayof 21,20, 31,

19,1s,as,1,35,3,4,5,e,7,10,11,12; (and also through 5, 15,16, 17 and12,) 13,14, 36, 2, 34, 32, 27, 26 and 25. Thus the receiver 9 (Fig. 1,station B) will be actuated through the secondary coil 8. Meanwhile thediaphragm or transmitter 29 completes the other half vibration inreturning to its powaves or impulses will. be

terized by a high impedance. In any event,

these primary waves will cause the static charge of that portion of theline near the transmitting station to fluctuate withput impairing thetransmission of the electro-magnetic waves and they wiil contribute tothe action already explained of causing opera tive vibrations to takeplace throughout the charge on the line. i

Referring to Fig. 2, it will be; seen that the arrangement is similar tothat of Fig. 1,

except forthe addition of condensers 37 and 38 at station B and 39 and40 at station A inserted in the main line circuit and the addition ofbattery 44 and impedance or checking coils 43 and bridging the line at41 and 42. The function ofthe battery 44 is that of maintaining on themain line 1-2 an electric charge, while the impedance coils 43 and 45prevent the line from being short-circuited with respect to thetransmitted working impulses, currents or waves.

The-remaining elements and circuits are the same as in Fig. 1 andhavebeen correspondingly numbered, with the addition of a prime, 6.,2916, etc.,'and the operation just described for Fig. 1 can be read onFig. 2 with this in mind,

It will also be seen that, by reason of the position'and arrangement ofthe telephone receiver as shown in the diagrams, two importantadvantages are attained;.firstly, the telephone receiver will notrespondelearly or loudly to the local action during transmission, owingto the chokingefiect of the inductance coil and, secondly, the incomingintensified by said inductance coil act-ingas a reactor; and the moreso, as said reactor is normally kept charged by either the localjoatteryor the line. In other words, the impulses generated in the local circuitat the transmitting end of the line have different characteristics fromthat which they have after traveling over the line, being affected b thecharac; teristics dueto the capacity 2 said line, to the opposite orreceiving end. The characteristics of said impulses in the local circuit at the transmitting end of the line d o not produce anefl'ectiveresult in the receiver at this end of the-line, I

As many changes couldbe madein the above constructions andarrangementsand many apparentlywidely different embodiments of myinvention designed without departing from the scope of theappendedclaims, I intend that all matter ddntaine'd in the above description orshown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrativemerely of operative embodiments of my invention and not in a limitingSense. i

WhatI claim is:-

l. A telephone circuit consisting of a main line connecting two homecircuits, means forimaintaining an electric charge on said mainline-adapted to satisfv the elec-- trostatic capacity of said linesutiiciently to reduce the distortion and retardation affecting thetransmission of electrical impulses, the said home circuits alsoincluding -a source of electro-motive force,

mary of an induction coil, the secondary of which contains a telephonereceiver, a source of inductance and a telephone transmitter connectedin series, the said transmitter being connected-in shunt with said line,said source of inductance having a V predetermined self-inductance andoutput adapted toproduce tertiary impulses having characteristicsopposite to those which would normally be impressed upon said impulsesby the characteristics of said main line, the said home circuits beingarranged and adapted for generating the aforesaid tertiary impulses andtransmitting the same electric charge and detecting or receiving them atthe distant end of the line. 1 2. A telephone circuit consisting of amain line connecting two home circuits,

means for maintaining an electric charge on said main line adapted tosatisfy the electrostatic capacity of said line sufficiently to reducethe distortion and retardation aff eeting the transmission of electricalimpulses, the said home circuits also including a source ofelectro-motiveforce, the primary of an induction coil, the secondary ofwhich contains a telephone receiver, a source of inductance and atelephone transmitter connected in series, the line being connectedthereto through condensers and said transmitter beingconnected in shunttherewith, said source of inductance having a predetermipedself-inductance and output adapted to produce tertiary impulses havingcharacteristics opposite 'to those; which would normally bel'mpressed'upon 'said impulses by the characteristics of said main line,the said home circuits adapted for generating tertiary impulses asherein set forth and --along said main line superimposed on saidelectric charge and detecting or receiving them at the distant end ofthe line.

the prialong said main line superimposed on said being arranged and.

transmitting the sanie 3J1he herein described system for the.transmission 'of electrical impulses, consist mg of a home c1rcu1ttransmrtter,

a source of electro-motive force,

containing a telephone the primary of an induction coil, the secondanceconsisting of an inductance coil of ary of which includes atelephonereceiverj a predetermined self-inductance and output solenoid ofpredetermined self-inductance adapted to produce electro-magneticimwhich is so proportioned asto balance or, pulses havingcharacteristics opposite to neutralize the electrostatic capacity of the,those which would normally be impressed main line and of predeterminedoutput and upon them by the characteristics of said intensitysufficient! for overcoming the ohmic main line, the-said line beingconnected in resistance of the main line'upon which said shunt with thesaid telephone transmitter, impulses are impressed, said main line bethesaid home circuits being arranged and ing connected with said homecircuit in adapted for generating the' said electroshunt with saidtelephone transmitter. magnetic impulses and transmitting the 4. Theherein described system for the same along said main line bysuperimposrtransmission of electrical impulses, consisting of a home circuitcontaining a telephone transmitter, a source of'electro-motrve force,

' the primary .of an induction coil, the secondary of which includes atelephone receiver, a solenoid of predetermined self-inductance tion onsaid electric charge, thereby causing the transmission to take place bythe propagation of a disturbance in said charge as an elastic medium,and receiving or detecting them at the distant end of the line.

6. A telephone circuit consisting of a which islso proportioned as tobalance or main line connecting tWohome circuits, neutralize theelectrostatic capacity ,of the means for maintaining an electric chargeon imain line and of predetermined output and said main line adapted toact as a transmit intensity suflicient for overcoming the ohmic tingmedium and to satisfy the electrostatic resistance of the main line uponwhich said. capacity of said main line sufficiently to re impulses areimpressed, said main line being duce the distortion or retardationotherwise connected through condensers with said afiecting thetransmission of electrical imhome circuit in shunt with said telephonepulses, the said home circuits each contain-.

" transmitter, means for maintaining an elecing a-source ofelectro-motive force, a teleline'with respect to the said workingimpulse.

tric'charge on the main line from an indephone transmitter, a source ofinductance pendent source of electro-motive force, the i and the primaryof an induction coil in securrent from which is passed through impedrieswith said inductance, the secondary of ance coils to prevent shortcircuiting the the induction coil including a telephone receiver, thesaid primary of the induction coil being inserted in circuit with saidin- 5. A'telephone circuit consisting of amain ductance therebyrendering the telephone line connecting two home circuits, means forreceiver non-responsive to local action but maintaining an electriccharge on said main responsive to incoming impulses which line adaptedto act as a transmitting medium would be thereby intensified owing tothe and to satisfy the electrostatic capacity of reaction of theinductive elements of'the cirsaid' main line sufliciently to reduce thediscuit, said inductive elements being kept electortion and retardationotherwise afiecting trically excited, said line being connected so thetransmission of electrical impulses, the as to shunt the telephonetransmitter.

said hom'e'circuits each containing a telephone transmitter, a source ofelectro-mot1ve force the rnnar of an inductlon e011 45 the secondary ofwhich includesa telephone receiver and a source of lnductance connectedin series, the said source of induct- Signed in" the city, county andState of New York, this 11th day of March, 1914.

GIUSEPPE MUSSO. Witnesses:

LEWIS J. DOOLITTLE, ANNA RQZINSKY.

